Manual Call Point Operating Requirement

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Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm system plays an important part of the fire and life safety of building and its occupants. Fire alarm system main function is to detect a fire at a sufficiently early stage so that the people who are at risk can made safely either by escaping as fast as possible or extinguishing the fire that can also reduce or prevent the property damage. Therefore, a reliability and functionality of fire alarm system as a whole is very important.

The following are the different types of the Fire Alarm System:

1. Conventional fire alarm system
a. Conventional fire alarm system uses physical cabling to connect several detectors and call points. Conventional fire alarm system has no way to identify immediately the exact location of the fire, but can be arranged in “Zones” to easily identify the location of the cause of the alarm. Its devices are cheaper but will consume more cable wires compare to addressable, since each device will be connected to the control panel by its own cable wire. This system are mainly used specially in smaller property.

2. Addressable fire alarm system

a. Addressable fire alarm system has the same detection principle, except that each detector can be given a set address that can help to identify the exact location of the detector that initiated the alarm, that can be seen in the fire alarm control panel. Addressable fire alarm system saves a lot of wire compare to conventional system, since the devices can share one cable wires up to the last device. Both ends of the wire is loop connected to the fire alarm control panel. This system are very suitable for large and high buildings, since they are able to pinpoint exactly which devices are triggering the alarm.

3. Wireless fire alarm system

a. Wireless fire alarm system, is hassle-free to install compare to conventional and addressable since it does not use any conduit and cable wires. However, even though you saved a lot of money in material and labor cost, the hardware and programming are higher than the wired systems. The devices are battery powered and can be placed anywhere and can be easily relocate if needed.

Fire Alarm System Components
The main component of fire alarm system are the following:

1. Fire Alarm Control Panel

Fire Alarm Control Panel is the brain or central hub of a fire alarm system. It displays the location and status of the alarm devices, and it gives precise location of the device that cause the alarm.

2. Fire Alarm Initiating Devices

Fire Alarm Initiating Devices are the devices that detects signs of fire and triggers the alarm. They are connected to the fire alarm system control panel. Initiating devices includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, manual pull station and fire sprinkler water flow switch.

3. Fire Notification Devices
Fire Notification Devices are the audible and visual devices in fire alarm system, it includes fire alarm horn, speaker and bell. Its main function is to alert people at risk in the event of a fire, that is why it is considered as the most important components of fire alarm system.

4. Primary Power Supply
Primary power supply is typically supplied by the local utility, and also from generators that are located in remote areas wherein the electrical grid is not available.
5. Backup Power Supply
Backup power supply commonly supplied by batteries and stored internally or adjacent to main fire alarm control panel or can be also from generator. It must also provide a 24 hours of power supply to control panel in case of power shortage.

How Fire Alarm System Works?

In an event of a fire emergency, the fire alarm system main role is to detect fire and to alert people at risk inside the building and emergency response team to control the situation as fast as possible. Fire alarm system key functions is to detect (by the use of smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, etc.) , alert (by the use alarm horn, speaker, and bell), and monitor (control panel).

Fire Alarm System Maintenance
A functioning and well-maintained fire alarm devices can help reduce injuries, save lives and properties. The fire safety systems inspection, routine maintenance, and testing will help one in keeping in compliance with the local/state fire inspectors and also their insurance carrier. To keep the best condition of the fire alarm devices, it is advisable to keep a scheduled maintenance and check the following:

1. Checking of physical appearance of the fire alarm devices

2. Smoke Detectors should be cleaned & tested for sensitivity levels (addressable type)

3. Fire alarm control panel should be tested for all alarm, trouble, supervisory, reset & silence function

4. Checking of the devices power supply

5. Checking/ replacement of batteries

6. Checking/ removal of any obstruction on the devices that may cause false alarm or malfunctioning

7. Checking if the alarm is audible

8. Devices must be replaced when exceeded 10 years from the manufactured date

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Manual Call Point Operating Requirement

2022-06-29

The manual call point (also known as fire alarm call point) is one of the devices included in the fire alarm control system. If there is a fire in a building and people notice it before the smoke detector does, then they can press the manual call point by themselves to report the fire to the fire alarm control system, which will immediately pull the evacuation alarm for the building.

Under most circumstances, when the manual call point alarms, the odds of catching fire are much greater than that of the smoke detector, for the manual call point must be triggered by people. There is a red alarm confirmation light on the manual call point. When the manual call point is activated, the alarm confirmation light will be on and remain still until it is reset.

The following are the six operating requirements of the manual call point:

1.Press the button to alarm

After pressing the manual call point in 3-5 seconds, the red alarm confirmation light on it will be on. It means the fire alarm control panel has received the fire signal and has confirmed the accident location.

2.Confirm the situation

The person on duty should immediately confirm if the fire is actually happening, and after that, the manual call point should be reset. ASENWARE offers manual call points that have different reset types: the type that should be reset by keys and the type that should be reset by replacing its outer glass.

3.Installation places

The manual call point should be installed in places that are visible and easy to reach. If it is mounted on the wall, the bottom of its shell should be 1.3~1.5m away from the ground. Also, there should be an obvious sign around the manual call point to remind people.

4.Installation notices

Each fire zone shall at least have one manual call point.
The walking distance from any place in the fire zone to the nearest manual call point should not be longer than 30m.
It is suggestable to install the manual call point in emergency passages, entrances and exits, and emergency staircases.
The manual call point on the train should be installed at its entrance, exit, and its middle.

5.The consequences of operating the manual call point accidentally

If the manual call point is triggered, it will send a signal to the fire alarm control panel, and the panel will then activate the fire bell, public address, fire shutter, and other devices, while the elevators in the building will stop and the non-fire-fighting electricity in the building will be cut off, etc. Therefore, do not touch the manual call point unless a fire occurs.

6.Daily maintenance

People should test the performance of the manual call point regularly to see if it still functions well, ensuring its alarm is timely, its alarm location is accurate and its sign is intact.

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