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    Fire alarm system plays an important part of the fire and life safety of building and its occupants. Fire alarm system main function is to detect a fire at a sufficiently early stage so that the people who are at risk can made safely either by escaping as fast as possible or extinguishing the fire that can also reduce or prevent the property damage. Therefore, a reliability and functionality of fire alarm system as a whole is very important. 

    The following are the different types of the Fire Alarm System:

    1. Conventional fire alarm system

    a. Conventional fire alarm system uses physical cabling to connect several detectors and call points. Conventional fire alarm system has no way to identify immediately the exact location of the fire, but can be arranged in “Zones” to easily identify the location of the cause of the alarm. Its devices are cheaper but will consume more cable wires compare to addressable, since each device will be connected to the control panel by its own cable wire. This system are mainly used specially in smaller property.
    conventional fire alarm system Wiring diagram 

    2. Addressable fire alarm system

    a. Addressable fire alarm system has the same detection principle, except that each detector can be given a set address that can help to identify the exact location of the detector that initiated the alarm, that can be seen in the fire alarm control panel. Addressable fire alarm system saves a lot of wire compare to conventional system, since the devices can share one cable wires up to the last device. Both ends of the wire is loop connected to the fire alarm control panel. This system are very suitable for large and high buildings, since they are able to pinpoint exactly which devices are triggering the alarm.
    addressable fire alarm system Wiring diagram

    3. Wireless fire alarm system

    a. Wireless fire alarm system, is hassle-free to install compare to conventional and addressable since it does not use any conduit and cable wires. However, even though you saved a lot of money in material and labor cost, the hardware and programming are higher than the wired systems. The devices are battery powered and can be placed anywhere and can be easily relocate if needed.
    wireless fire alarm system

    Fire Alarm System Components 

    The main component of fire alarm system are the following:
    1. Fire Alarm Control Panel
    Fire Alarm Control Panel is the brain or central hub of a fire alarm system. It displays the location and status of the alarm devices, and it gives precise location of the device that cause the alarm.
    fire alarm control panel
    2. Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
    Fire Alarm Initiating Devices are the devices that detects signs of fire and triggers the alarm. They are connected to the fire alarm system control panel. Initiating devices includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, manual pull station and fire sprinkler water flow switch.
    Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
    3. Fire Notification Devices
    Fire Notification Devices are the audible and visual devices in fire alarm system, it includes fire alarm horn, speaker and bell. Its main function is to alert people at risk in the event of a fire, that is why it is considered as the most important components of fire alarm system.
    Fire Notification Devices
    4. Primary Power Supply
    Primary power supply is typically supplied by the local utility, and also from generators that are located in remote areas wherein the electrical grid is not available. 
    5. Backup Power Supply
    Backup power supply commonly supplied by batteries and stored internally or adjacent to main fire alarm control panel or can be also from generator. It must also provide a 24 hours of power supply to control panel in case of power shortage.

    How Fire Alarm System Works? 

    In an event of a fire emergency, the fire alarm system main role is to detect fire and to alert people at risk inside the building and emergency response team to control the situation as fast as possible. Fire alarm system key functions is to detect (by the use of smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, etc.) , alert (by the use alarm horn, speaker, and bell), and monitor (control panel). 

    Fire Alarm System Maintenance 

    A functioning and well-maintained fire alarm devices can help reduce injuries, save lives and properties. The fire safety systems inspection, routine maintenance, and testing will help one in keeping in compliance with the local/state fire inspectors and also their insurance carrier. To keep the best condition of the fire alarm devices, it is advisable to keep a scheduled maintenance and check the following: 
    1. Checking of physical appearance of the fire alarm devices
    2. Smoke Detectors should be cleaned & tested for sensitivity levels (addressable type)
    3. Fire alarm control panel should be tested for all alarm, trouble, supervisory, reset & silence function
    4. Checking of the devices power supply
    5. Checking/ replacement of batteries
    6. Checking/ removal of any obstruction on the devices that may cause false alarm or malfunctioning
    7. Checking if the alarm is audible
    8. Devices must be replaced when exceeded 10 years from the manufactured date

     

    ASENWARE Centralized Monitoring Emergency Luminaire System is designed for managing, monitoring and controlling emergency lights automatically. 
    ASENWARE Fire Pump Series provide fire departments or private users with the ability to pump from any water source.

    At ASENWARE, you can choose the best quality of fire fighting equipment like  extinguisher, hose reels, fire monitors, nozzles and hose pipes.
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What Is Beam Smoke Detector?
2021-10-18

WHAT IS BEAM SMOKE DETECTOR?

A beam smoke detector is a device that consists of transmitter/receiver unit and a reflector. It transmits beam of light in order to detect smoke across large areas, wherein smoke is naturally a sign of fire. Beam smoke detector works on the principle of light obscuration, where there is a transmitter that emits beam and a beam receiver. If the presence of the smoke disrupts a certain percentage of beam light of the transmitted light, it will send signal to the panel that there is a fire. Beam smoke detectors area commonly used in area wherein standard point smoke detectors are not economical or efficient to use. 
beam smoke detector composition

PROPER APPLICATION

Beam smoke detectors are commonly used in warehouses as a cost-effective way of fire detection and protecting large open areas and inappropriate for outdoor applications. Environmental conditions such as temperature extremes, rain, snow, sleet, fog, and dew can affect with the proper operation of the detector and might cause false alarms. In addition, outdoor conditions make smoke behavior impossible to predict and will affect the detector’s response to fire.
beam smoke detector PROPER APPLICATION

Types Of Beam Smoke Detector

1.Consisting of receiver and transmitter unit. In normal state, light beams sent from transmitter reach the receiver unit. If the receiver did not receive enough light beams, it will trigger a general alarm. The distance between two units can be between 5-100 meters.
TYPES OF BEAM SMOKE DETECTOR
2.Second type consists of reflector and a unit that works as both receiver and transmitter. In normal state, IR light beams sent from receiver-transmitter unit reflect from reflector and reaches the unit. In case of fire, smoke obstruct the IR light beams and some of light rays did not reach receiver-transmitter unit. If there are 4 reflectors, the distance between reflector and the unit can be between 40-100 meters. If there is 1 reflector, the distance between reflector and the unit can be between 8-40 meters.
TYPES OF BEAM SMOKE DETECTOR

Design Requirements

Many factors may affect the performance of smoke detectors of all types. The type and number of combustibles, the rate of fire growth, proximity of the detector to the fire, ventilation and environmental factors are all important that needs to be considered.
1.Sensitivity
a.Detector’s sensitivity should be set within the parameters of the beam used on a given application, combined with the environmental conditions of the area.
2.Location and Spacing
a.On a flat, clear or unobstructed ceiling, the maximum range/distance covered by a beam detector should be 100m, or as per manufacturers recommendations. No point in the protected area should be more than 7.5m from the center line of the beam detector. This gives a maximum spacing between two beam detectors of 15m, and a maximum distance from a wall to a beam detector of 7.5m. 
3.Obstructions
a.Obstructions on or near the ceiling or on the walls of a protected area will affect smoke distribution, and thus need to be taken into consideration. If there are number of joist or structural beams in the protected area, the detector should be placed in parallel in the joists. It is a good practice to ensure that the spacing from the beam center line is applied to all objects.
4.Beam Blockage
a.Beam smoke detectors rely on a clear path between transmitter, receiver and/or reflector. If the beam of light is blocked, the detector will not be able to detect a fire on early stage. Care must be taken that the beam is not installed where it could be blocked on a normal condition of the area protected. If people are likely to be present in the protected area, the detector should be mounted to a minimum of 2.7m above floor level. This is to prevent a nuisance or false alarms.

Testing And Commissioning

The normal means of testing beam detectors is to place an obstruction in the path of the beam to reduce the amount of received light below the detector threshold and will trigger a general alarm.

Maintenance 

As dust builds upon a beam detector’s optical components, it will affect its sensitivity and will increase susceptibility of false alarms. It is advisable to periodically clean the detector transmitter/receiver lenses and reflector. The maintenance interval will be dependent on the protected area conditions: the dirtier the area the more frequent required in cleaning the devices.