Large Workshop Aspirating Smoke Detection Application Guide

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Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm system plays an important part of the fire and life safety of building and its occupants. Fire alarm system main function is to detect a fire at a sufficiently early stage so that the people who are at risk can made safely either by escaping as fast as possible or extinguishing the fire that can also reduce or prevent the property damage. Therefore, a reliability and functionality of fire alarm system as a whole is very important.

The following are the different types of the Fire Alarm System:

1. Conventional fire alarm system
a. Conventional fire alarm system uses physical cabling to connect several detectors and call points. Conventional fire alarm system has no way to identify immediately the exact location of the fire, but can be arranged in “Zones” to easily identify the location of the cause of the alarm. Its devices are cheaper but will consume more cable wires compare to addressable, since each device will be connected to the control panel by its own cable wire. This system are mainly used specially in smaller property.

2. Addressable fire alarm system

a. Addressable fire alarm system has the same detection principle, except that each detector can be given a set address that can help to identify the exact location of the detector that initiated the alarm, that can be seen in the fire alarm control panel. Addressable fire alarm system saves a lot of wire compare to conventional system, since the devices can share one cable wires up to the last device. Both ends of the wire is loop connected to the fire alarm control panel. This system are very suitable for large and high buildings, since they are able to pinpoint exactly which devices are triggering the alarm.

3. Wireless fire alarm system

a. Wireless fire alarm system, is hassle-free to install compare to conventional and addressable since it does not use any conduit and cable wires. However, even though you saved a lot of money in material and labor cost, the hardware and programming are higher than the wired systems. The devices are battery powered and can be placed anywhere and can be easily relocate if needed.

Fire Alarm System Components
The main component of fire alarm system are the following:

1. Fire Alarm Control Panel

Fire Alarm Control Panel is the brain or central hub of a fire alarm system. It displays the location and status of the alarm devices, and it gives precise location of the device that cause the alarm.

2. Fire Alarm Initiating Devices

Fire Alarm Initiating Devices are the devices that detects signs of fire and triggers the alarm. They are connected to the fire alarm system control panel. Initiating devices includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, manual pull station and fire sprinkler water flow switch.

3. Fire Notification Devices
Fire Notification Devices are the audible and visual devices in fire alarm system, it includes fire alarm horn, speaker and bell. Its main function is to alert people at risk in the event of a fire, that is why it is considered as the most important components of fire alarm system.

4. Primary Power Supply
Primary power supply is typically supplied by the local utility, and also from generators that are located in remote areas wherein the electrical grid is not available.
5. Backup Power Supply
Backup power supply commonly supplied by batteries and stored internally or adjacent to main fire alarm control panel or can be also from generator. It must also provide a 24 hours of power supply to control panel in case of power shortage.

How Fire Alarm System Works?

In an event of a fire emergency, the fire alarm system main role is to detect fire and to alert people at risk inside the building and emergency response team to control the situation as fast as possible. Fire alarm system key functions is to detect (by the use of smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, etc.) , alert (by the use alarm horn, speaker, and bell), and monitor (control panel).

Fire Alarm System Maintenance
A functioning and well-maintained fire alarm devices can help reduce injuries, save lives and properties. The fire safety systems inspection, routine maintenance, and testing will help one in keeping in compliance with the local/state fire inspectors and also their insurance carrier. To keep the best condition of the fire alarm devices, it is advisable to keep a scheduled maintenance and check the following:

1. Checking of physical appearance of the fire alarm devices

2. Smoke Detectors should be cleaned & tested for sensitivity levels (addressable type)

3. Fire alarm control panel should be tested for all alarm, trouble, supervisory, reset & silence function

4. Checking of the devices power supply

5. Checking/ replacement of batteries

6. Checking/ removal of any obstruction on the devices that may cause false alarm or malfunctioning

7. Checking if the alarm is audible

8. Devices must be replaced when exceeded 10 years from the manufactured date

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Large Workshop Aspirating Smoke Detection Application Guide

2022-07-11

Having a fire is always a serious accident, it often leads to severe damage. To protect people's life and work safety, preventing fire incidents has become an important issue in people's daily lives.

Disadvantages of Applying Conventional Fire Detection Systems in Large Workshop

In large volume spaces like the large workshop of the factory, for the building is rather high, the production equipment in it is large, and there are lots of shelters on the roof, the conventional fire detection systems won’t be able to function well in it. The conventional fire detection systems, such as the smoke detection systems and heat detection systems, can’t be installed in places that are too high. For example, the maximum installation height of the smoke detector is 12m. And even if the height of a large workshop is lower than 12m, its volume is still relatively large, by the time the smoke gets to the roof, its concentration has already been diluted, and the detector may not be able to detect the smoke and give alarm in time. Expect for the height of a large workshop, things like the obstructions in it and the sensitivity of the detectors also can affect the detection of the conventional fire detection systems.

Application of Aspirating Smoke Detection System

Applying aspirating smoke detection (ASD) systems in large workshops can overcome the disadvantages of conventional fire detection systems. First, the aspirating smoke detection system is very sensitive to smoke. Even if the smoke from the fire is diluted because of the large space, the detector can still catch the change of smoke concentration and give alarms. Second, the aspirating smoke detection system can detect smoke actively, different from the conventional smoke detection system which can only detect smoke passively. Third, the sampling pipes of the aspirating smoke detection system can be installed flexibly according to the possible position of smoke. It can detect whether the air inside the protected area is changing, therefore discovering the dangerous situation early.

Advantages of Aspirating Smoke Detection System

Solving the problem of smoke stratification

When the sun shines down on the large workshop, there will be a hot layer formed under the roof, causing a smoke stratification. If the layer is hotter than the smoke, it will stop the smoke from reaching the conventional fire detection system mounted on the top.

The aspirating smoke detection system contains two parts: the aspirating smoke detector and sampling pipes. Other than under the roof, the sampling pipes can also be installed along the flowing path of the smoke, such as in a vertical direction.
problem of smoke stratification

Solving the problem of smoke dilution

Due to large spaces and air conditioning systems, smoke in large open areas will be diluted during its flow. In order to detect it, the detection system needs to be able to reach far. The beam smoke detector is the common detection device used in such places, but it is still not sensitive enough, it needs to wait until the fire has reached a serious level before it can detect it.

The aspirating smoke detection system collects air samples actively through the sample ports on the sampling pipes. It detects the total amount of smoke from each sampling pipe and gives early alarms due to its sensitivity.
problem of smoke dilution

Maintenance of aspirating smoke detection system mounted high

All detection systems need regular maintenance and testing. In large spaces, it can be very difficult to maintain the conventional smoke detection system mounted high, it usually needs special equipment and professionals, which is expensive and dangerous. Maintaining the infrared beam smoke detector is also expensive, and it needs to be reset after maintenance. Different from the above two devices, the aspirating smoke detection system can be installed in places that are easy to reach and maintain if required.

The white pipe indicated in the picture above is the sampling pipe of the aspirating smoke detection system. The aspirating smoke detection system can also be installed on the wall, and the installation height is 1.5m from the ground, which is convenient for operation and maintenance.

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