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    Fire alarm system plays an important part of the fire and life safety of building and its occupants. Fire alarm system main function is to detect a fire at a sufficiently early stage so that the people who are at risk can made safely either by escaping as fast as possible or extinguishing the fire that can also reduce or prevent the property damage. Therefore, a reliability and functionality of fire alarm system as a whole is very important. 

    The following are the different types of the Fire Alarm System:

    1. Conventional fire alarm system

    a. Conventional fire alarm system uses physical cabling to connect several detectors and call points. Conventional fire alarm system has no way to identify immediately the exact location of the fire, but can be arranged in “Zones” to easily identify the location of the cause of the alarm. Its devices are cheaper but will consume more cable wires compare to addressable, since each device will be connected to the control panel by its own cable wire. This system are mainly used specially in smaller property.
    conventional fire alarm system Wiring diagram 

    2. Addressable fire alarm system

    a. Addressable fire alarm system has the same detection principle, except that each detector can be given a set address that can help to identify the exact location of the detector that initiated the alarm, that can be seen in the fire alarm control panel. Addressable fire alarm system saves a lot of wire compare to conventional system, since the devices can share one cable wires up to the last device. Both ends of the wire is loop connected to the fire alarm control panel. This system are very suitable for large and high buildings, since they are able to pinpoint exactly which devices are triggering the alarm.
    addressable fire alarm system Wiring diagram

    3. Wireless fire alarm system

    a. Wireless fire alarm system, is hassle-free to install compare to conventional and addressable since it does not use any conduit and cable wires. However, even though you saved a lot of money in material and labor cost, the hardware and programming are higher than the wired systems. The devices are battery powered and can be placed anywhere and can be easily relocate if needed.
    wireless fire alarm system

    Fire Alarm System Components 

    The main component of fire alarm system are the following:
    1. Fire Alarm Control Panel
    Fire Alarm Control Panel is the brain or central hub of a fire alarm system. It displays the location and status of the alarm devices, and it gives precise location of the device that cause the alarm.
    fire alarm control panel
    2. Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
    Fire Alarm Initiating Devices are the devices that detects signs of fire and triggers the alarm. They are connected to the fire alarm system control panel. Initiating devices includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, manual pull station and fire sprinkler water flow switch.
    Fire Alarm Initiating Devices
    3. Fire Notification Devices
    Fire Notification Devices are the audible and visual devices in fire alarm system, it includes fire alarm horn, speaker and bell. Its main function is to alert people at risk in the event of a fire, that is why it is considered as the most important components of fire alarm system.
    Fire Notification Devices
    4. Primary Power Supply
    Primary power supply is typically supplied by the local utility, and also from generators that are located in remote areas wherein the electrical grid is not available. 
    5. Backup Power Supply
    Backup power supply commonly supplied by batteries and stored internally or adjacent to main fire alarm control panel or can be also from generator. It must also provide a 24 hours of power supply to control panel in case of power shortage.

    How Fire Alarm System Works? 

    In an event of a fire emergency, the fire alarm system main role is to detect fire and to alert people at risk inside the building and emergency response team to control the situation as fast as possible. Fire alarm system key functions is to detect (by the use of smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, etc.) , alert (by the use alarm horn, speaker, and bell), and monitor (control panel). 

    Fire Alarm System Maintenance 

    A functioning and well-maintained fire alarm devices can help reduce injuries, save lives and properties. The fire safety systems inspection, routine maintenance, and testing will help one in keeping in compliance with the local/state fire inspectors and also their insurance carrier. To keep the best condition of the fire alarm devices, it is advisable to keep a scheduled maintenance and check the following: 
    1. Checking of physical appearance of the fire alarm devices
    2. Smoke Detectors should be cleaned & tested for sensitivity levels (addressable type)
    3. Fire alarm control panel should be tested for all alarm, trouble, supervisory, reset & silence function
    4. Checking of the devices power supply
    5. Checking/ replacement of batteries
    6. Checking/ removal of any obstruction on the devices that may cause false alarm or malfunctioning
    7. Checking if the alarm is audible
    8. Devices must be replaced when exceeded 10 years from the manufactured date

     

    ASENWARE Centralized Monitoring Emergency Luminaire System is designed for managing, monitoring and controlling emergency lights automatically. 
    ASENWARE Fire Pump Series provide fire departments or private users with the ability to pump from any water source.

    At ASENWARE, you can choose the best quality of fire fighting equipment like  extinguisher, hose reels, fire monitors, nozzles and hose pipes.
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How to Choosing the Right Fire Detector?
2022-07-25
The fire is affected by factors such as the type of combustible substances, the distribution of combustible substances, the nature of the fire, the fire load, the ambient temperature, and the supply of fresh air. Generally speaking, the occurrence and development of fire can be divided into four stages:
1.Initial period: The fire hasn’t formed yet, only a certain amount of smoke has appeared, and no property damage has been caused.
2.Early period: The fire begins to form, the smoke increases, the indoor temperature rises, and flames begin to appear, causing a little property damage
3.Middle period: The fire has formed, the indoor temperature is high, and the burning begins to accelerate, causing great property damage. 
4.Late period: The fire is spreading. 
In the fire alarm control system, choosing suitable smoke detectors, heat detectors and flame detectors is very important. The detectors should be chosen according to the developing features of the fires that may occur in the detection area, the nature and quantity of combustibles, the height of the building, the environmental features of the place, the airflow conditions, and possible interference sources causing a false alarm.
 
The following are three ways to choose the right detectors:

1.Choose According to The Forming and Development Features of Fire

Choosing according to the forming and development features of fire is the core. It usually follows the following principles:
(1)There is a smoldering stage in the early period of fire (such as cotton and linen fabric fire and wood fire), which will generate a large amount of smoke and a small amount of heat. In this case, people will usually choose smoke detectors to detect fire. The specific smoke detection type and sensitivity level of the smoke detector should be determined according to the specific place.
smoke detectors
(2)When the fire develops rapidly, and there is a large amount of flame radiation and a small amount of smoke heat, you should choose the flame detector. In this case, people will usually use point-type UV flame detectors or point-type ultraviolet and infrared flame detectors. Their effectiveness depends on the optical sensitivity, detection angle, response time and installation location. Take explosion-proof point-type UV flame detector as an example. Its sensitivity level is grade I, its detection angle is 120°, and when facing a 0.3m×0.3m n-heptane flame, its response time is less than or equal to 10 seconds.
Ultraviolet and Infrared Flame Detector  UV Flame Detector
Ultraviolet and Infrared Flame Detector       UV Flame Detector
 
(3)When the fire develops fast, it will generate a large amount of heat and smoke and flame radiation. At this point, you should use the combination of heat detector, smoke detector ,flame detector and beam detector.
Heat Detector     
heat detector                                                       beam detector
 
(4)When the detectors are connected with the fire extinguishing equipment, the linkage control signal must be sent after the double alarm signal is confirmed or even after the delay alarm is confirmed.
The places that must use the double alarm signals are usually important and dangerous. The double alarm signals are given by the same type of combination or different type of combination of smoke detectors, heat detectors and flame detectors. The same type of combination means the same type of detectors having two outputs with different sensitivities. The different type of combination means using the combined detectors and non-combined detectors.
 
(5)In places that have flammable gas or flammable liquid or vapor, you should use flammable gas detectors to detect early fire.
gas detectors
(6)In places where the features of fire forming are unpredictable, you can do a simulation test, and choose the detectors according to the test results. 

2.Choose According to The Building’s Height

Limiting the use height of the detectors is to make sure their sensitivity and effectiveness can be fully brought into play. Normally, the installation height of the smoke detector is ≤ 12m, and the heat detector is ≤ 8m. The installation height of the flame detector is determined by its optical sensitivity range. The sensibility of the detectors should increase as the building height increases. It is worth a mention that the shape of the ceiling of the building (spire, vault, etc.) and the uneven ceiling of a large space have an impact on determining the building’s height. People should choose detectors according to their coverage and protecting radius.
 

3.Choose Under Various Environmental Conditions

Environmental conditions like temperature, humidity and light interference, will affect the effectiveness of the detector. For example, the working temperature of ASENWARE wireless addressable smoke detector is between -10°C and 55°C, the working temperature of AW-FD707EX explosion-proof ultraviolet and infrared flame detector is between -40°C and 70°C , and the working temperature of wireless addressable heat detector is between 10°C and 50°C. when under 0°C, people usually use smoke detector or flame detector, but only when they don’t freeze.
 
When the air humidity is less than 95%, it generally does not affect the detector. But when there is atomized smoke or condensation, it will affect the sensitivity of smoke detectors and flame detectors. When there is smoke or ash, it will directly affect the use of smoke detectors. For heat detectors and flame detectors, they should avoid wet dust. The light interference doesn’t have much effect on smoke detectors and heat detectors, but it will affect the flame detectors.