How To Debug Fire Alarm System

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Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm system plays an important part of the fire and life safety of building and its occupants. Fire alarm system main function is to detect a fire at a sufficiently early stage so that the people who are at risk can made safely either by escaping as fast as possible or extinguishing the fire that can also reduce or prevent the property damage. Therefore, a reliability and functionality of fire alarm system as a whole is very important.

The following are the different types of the Fire Alarm System:

1. Conventional fire alarm system
a. Conventional fire alarm system uses physical cabling to connect several detectors and call points. Conventional fire alarm system has no way to identify immediately the exact location of the fire, but can be arranged in “Zones” to easily identify the location of the cause of the alarm. Its devices are cheaper but will consume more cable wires compare to addressable, since each device will be connected to the control panel by its own cable wire. This system are mainly used specially in smaller property.

2. Addressable fire alarm system

a. Addressable fire alarm system has the same detection principle, except that each detector can be given a set address that can help to identify the exact location of the detector that initiated the alarm, that can be seen in the fire alarm control panel. Addressable fire alarm system saves a lot of wire compare to conventional system, since the devices can share one cable wires up to the last device. Both ends of the wire is loop connected to the fire alarm control panel. This system are very suitable for large and high buildings, since they are able to pinpoint exactly which devices are triggering the alarm.

3. Wireless fire alarm system

a. Wireless fire alarm system, is hassle-free to install compare to conventional and addressable since it does not use any conduit and cable wires. However, even though you saved a lot of money in material and labor cost, the hardware and programming are higher than the wired systems. The devices are battery powered and can be placed anywhere and can be easily relocate if needed.

Fire Alarm System Components
The main component of fire alarm system are the following:

1. Fire Alarm Control Panel

Fire Alarm Control Panel is the brain or central hub of a fire alarm system. It displays the location and status of the alarm devices, and it gives precise location of the device that cause the alarm.

2. Fire Alarm Initiating Devices

Fire Alarm Initiating Devices are the devices that detects signs of fire and triggers the alarm. They are connected to the fire alarm system control panel. Initiating devices includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, manual pull station and fire sprinkler water flow switch.

3. Fire Notification Devices
Fire Notification Devices are the audible and visual devices in fire alarm system, it includes fire alarm horn, speaker and bell. Its main function is to alert people at risk in the event of a fire, that is why it is considered as the most important components of fire alarm system.

4. Primary Power Supply
Primary power supply is typically supplied by the local utility, and also from generators that are located in remote areas wherein the electrical grid is not available.
5. Backup Power Supply
Backup power supply commonly supplied by batteries and stored internally or adjacent to main fire alarm control panel or can be also from generator. It must also provide a 24 hours of power supply to control panel in case of power shortage.

How Fire Alarm System Works?

In an event of a fire emergency, the fire alarm system main role is to detect fire and to alert people at risk inside the building and emergency response team to control the situation as fast as possible. Fire alarm system key functions is to detect (by the use of smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, etc.) , alert (by the use alarm horn, speaker, and bell), and monitor (control panel).

Fire Alarm System Maintenance
A functioning and well-maintained fire alarm devices can help reduce injuries, save lives and properties. The fire safety systems inspection, routine maintenance, and testing will help one in keeping in compliance with the local/state fire inspectors and also their insurance carrier. To keep the best condition of the fire alarm devices, it is advisable to keep a scheduled maintenance and check the following:

1. Checking of physical appearance of the fire alarm devices

2. Smoke Detectors should be cleaned & tested for sensitivity levels (addressable type)

3. Fire alarm control panel should be tested for all alarm, trouble, supervisory, reset & silence function

4. Checking of the devices power supply

5. Checking/ replacement of batteries

6. Checking/ removal of any obstruction on the devices that may cause false alarm or malfunctioning

7. Checking if the alarm is audible

8. Devices must be replaced when exceeded 10 years from the manufactured date

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How To Debug Fire Alarm System

2022-10-10

With the increase in fire and electricity consumption in modern industries, the chances of happening a fire are getting larger. Once there is a fire, it is easy to have the situations like untimely firefighting, lack of fire-fighting equipment, and slow escape of the people, which may eventually lead to major loss of property. Therefore, knowing the features of fires and the fire prevention measures is really important. This passage will introduce how to install and debug the fire alarm system.

Preparations Before Fire Alarm System Installation and debug

1.You should know the configuration of the fire alarm system, get the fire alarm system diagram, floor plan, instruction manual, etc.

2.Check whether the system installation meets the design requirements according to the system design drawings.

3.Prepare the tools needed for installation and debug, such as multimeters, wiring tools and encoders, screwdrivers, needle-nose pliers, diagonal pliers, terminal resistors, etc.

4.Check the quality of the fire alarm system and its installation status:

4.1 Check whether the system installation meets the design requirements according to the system design drawings. If there are some differences between the installation of the fire alarm system and the system design drawings, the installer shall be informed and deal with it.

4.2 Know whether the equipment control cabinet installed can be connected with the alarm linkage system as required, if not, inform the installer to change it. Find out if there is any equipment that works with high currents, such as a positive pressure air supply valve, electric fire damper, etc.

4.3 Power on the fire alarm system and other equipment one by one, make sure to debug the equipment only when it can work normally. If the equipment can’t work normally during the inspection, you should find out the problems and solve them in time.

4.4 Check whether the insulation resistance of the system circuits to the ground and the system grounding meet the wiring requirements.

4.5 Check the system wiring, solve the problems like wrong wiring, open circuit, short circuit, grounding, etc.

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4.6 Connect the AC power supply, measure the voltage range, connect the backup battery, and make the final preparations for equipment debug.

Fire Alarm System debugging

1.Code the detectors, manual call points and different modules (like input and output modules) according to the system design drawings. If there is no detector and module number on the drawing, the debug professional should cooperate with the installer to mark the actual address code of the detector and modules on the drawing.

2.According to the signal line after programming the address code, and the codes of the circuits, detectors and modules, sort out the address code form and do the display information, system information and linkage relationship programming according to the address coding form and the requirements of the system fire protection equipment.

The general requirements for linkage logic relationship editing:

2.1 Fire hydrant system: activate the manual call point of fire hydrant → open the output module of the alarm bell or strobe sounder on this floor or the upper and lower floors → turn on the power of the alarm bell or strobe sounder.

Activate the manual call point of fire hydrant → activate the fire pump.

2.2 Automatic sprinkler system: send out the action signal of the water flow indicator → start the output module of the alarm bell or strobe sounder on this floor → turn on the alarm bell or strobe sounder.

Send out the pressure switch action signal → turn on the spray pump. Or send out the action signal of the water flow indicator → turn on the spray pump. Or send out the combined action signal of the water flow indicator and the action signal of the pressure switch → turn on the spray pump.

2.3 Positive pressure air supply system: send out the detector alarm signal or manual call point alarm signal → open the positive pressure air supply port → send a signal of opening the positive pressure air supply port → open the positive pressure air supply fan.

The opening number of positive pressure air supply can refer to the following requirements:

· The positive pressure air supply openings in the smoke-proof stairwell should be fully opened to form a positive pressure throughout the stairwell.

· The positive pressure air supply openings in the front room should be in accordance with the evacuation sequence, that is, the positive pressure air supply ports on the alarm floor and its upper and lower floors should be turned on.

2.4 Smoke exhaust system: send out the detector alarm signal in the smoke exhaust zone or the manual call point alarm signal in the smoke exhaust zone → start the smoke outlet of the smoke exhaust zone → send out the signal to open the smoke outlet → turn on the corresponding exhaust fan in the exhaust zone.

2.5 Fire-resistant shutter:

·The fire-resistant shutter that are only used for fire separation can only do one-step dropping. Send out the detector alarm signal or the manual call point alarm signal → open the fire-resistant shutter around the fire zone and drop it to the end.

·The fire-resistant shutter used on the evacuation channel should be dropped in two steps: send out the alarm signal of the smoke detectors installed on both sides of the fire-resistant shutter → turn on the fire-resistant shutter and stop after it is 1.8m from the ground, and when the heat detectors installed on both sides of the fire-resistant shutter send out an alarm signal → drop the fire-resistant shutter to the ground.

2.6 Linkage between the fire alarm device and the fire public address: the fire alarm device mainly refers to alarm bells or strobe sounder in high buildings. In the fire alarm system, the linkage between the fire alarm device and the fire public address is as follows: send out the fire detector alarm signal or the manual call point alarm signal → open the output module of the alarm bell or the strobe sounder →power on of the alarm bell, the strobe sounder, and the fire public address. The sequence of turning on fire alarm and fire public address in high-rise buildings is as follows:

· When a fire occurs on the 2nd floor or above, it is suggestible to connect the devices of accident floor and its adjacent upper and lower floors first.

· When a fire occurs on the first floor, it is advisable to connect the devices of the first floor, the second floor and the underground floors.

· When a fire occurs in the basement, it is suggestible to connect the devices of the underground floors and the first floor.

· For single-story buildings with multiple fire compartments, the devices of the fire compartment and its adjacent fire compartment should be connected first.

2.7 Fire elevator: send out the manual call point and detector alarm signal → start the fire elevator forced landing output module → the fire elevator is forced to the first floor and send back the signal to the fire control room.

2.8 Switching the non-fire-fighting power supply: send out the manual call point and detector alarm signal → open the non-fire-fighting power switching output module → the module activates the circuit breaker tripping mechanism to trip the interrupter and cut off the non-fire-fighting power supply.

3.Use a multimeter to check the signal bus on which the detector and modules are installed, and the next step can only be carried out after it is confirmed that the circuit is not short-circuited. For the power wiring of the module, it must be measured with a multimeter to make sure that there is no short-circuit and grounding, and make sure that the terminals are all connected, and there are no exposed wire ends before powering on.

For the multi-line linkage control cabinet, because there are many circuits connected to the device control cabinet, it should be checked according to the requirements. The terminals (like the terminal loads, resistors, diodes, etc.) should be connected well. Meanwhile, every wire should be measured with a multimeter at the control cabinet end before it is connected. It is forbidden to connect the control wire to the control cabinet first.

4.Connect the signal circuit with the address code to the panel, and mark it clearly. Solve the line faults, detector faults, and module faults one by one.
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5.When solving the problems, you can use the single-point test function on the panel to detect the communication between the detector or the module and the panel, and see if there is any interference signal in the signal loop.

6.Carry out the smoke alarm test on the detectors one by one. For the ones that does not alarm and falsely alarm, they should be replaced and re-tested in time. Verify whether the corresponding display relationship of the detector is correct. If there is an error, debug through the programming.

7.Carry out a simulation test on the control module and control program according to the linkage control requirements until the system works normally.

· Manually start each controlled fire-fighting linkage equipment, such as: fire public address, alarm bell, fire pump, sprinklers, fire elevator, non-fire-fighting power supply, etc., and check if the feedback signal is correct. If not, it must be corrected. If the equipment can’t be started, the possible reasons are: incorrect programming or incorrect coding correspondence, 24V power supply is not connected, equipment control cabinet is not in automatic state, equipment control cabinet is not powered.
· Set the panel to the automatic state, check whether the linkage of the controlled equipment meets the linkage control requirements.

Fire Alarm System Works after debugging

1.After the system simulation alarm and simulation linkage test are done, the system should be powered on and operated. Before delivering it to the user for operation and use, it is necessary to sort out the relevant files of the system and give it to the user and the company for future maintenance.

The files should include:

· The system diagram, floor plans marked with detectors and module code file.

· System configuration files. Including the number of loops in the system, the number of coded addresses of each loop, and the distribution and display range of the floor display panel.

· The system display relationship. Including the corresponding relationship between each coded address and the actual address, and the device type of each coded address.

· System linkage logic relationship. Including the distribution and action logic relationship of the equipment in the system.

2.The debugging project should be monitored continuously during the running period.

3.Do the training of user maintenance personnel and on-duty personnel.

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