Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel Common Fault And Solution

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Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm system plays an important part of the fire and life safety of building and its occupants. Fire alarm system main function is to detect a fire at a sufficiently early stage so that the people who are at risk can made safely either by escaping as fast as possible or extinguishing the fire that can also reduce or prevent the property damage. Therefore, a reliability and functionality of fire alarm system as a whole is very important.

The following are the different types of the Fire Alarm System:

1. Conventional fire alarm system
a. Conventional fire alarm system uses physical cabling to connect several detectors and call points. Conventional fire alarm system has no way to identify immediately the exact location of the fire, but can be arranged in “Zones” to easily identify the location of the cause of the alarm. Its devices are cheaper but will consume more cable wires compare to addressable, since each device will be connected to the control panel by its own cable wire. This system are mainly used specially in smaller property.

2. Addressable fire alarm system

a. Addressable fire alarm system has the same detection principle, except that each detector can be given a set address that can help to identify the exact location of the detector that initiated the alarm, that can be seen in the fire alarm control panel. Addressable fire alarm system saves a lot of wire compare to conventional system, since the devices can share one cable wires up to the last device. Both ends of the wire is loop connected to the fire alarm control panel. This system are very suitable for large and high buildings, since they are able to pinpoint exactly which devices are triggering the alarm.

3. Wireless fire alarm system

a. Wireless fire alarm system, is hassle-free to install compare to conventional and addressable since it does not use any conduit and cable wires. However, even though you saved a lot of money in material and labor cost, the hardware and programming are higher than the wired systems. The devices are battery powered and can be placed anywhere and can be easily relocate if needed.

Fire Alarm System Components
The main component of fire alarm system are the following:

1. Fire Alarm Control Panel

Fire Alarm Control Panel is the brain or central hub of a fire alarm system. It displays the location and status of the alarm devices, and it gives precise location of the device that cause the alarm.

2. Fire Alarm Initiating Devices

Fire Alarm Initiating Devices are the devices that detects signs of fire and triggers the alarm. They are connected to the fire alarm system control panel. Initiating devices includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, manual pull station and fire sprinkler water flow switch.

3. Fire Notification Devices
Fire Notification Devices are the audible and visual devices in fire alarm system, it includes fire alarm horn, speaker and bell. Its main function is to alert people at risk in the event of a fire, that is why it is considered as the most important components of fire alarm system.

4. Primary Power Supply
Primary power supply is typically supplied by the local utility, and also from generators that are located in remote areas wherein the electrical grid is not available.
5. Backup Power Supply
Backup power supply commonly supplied by batteries and stored internally or adjacent to main fire alarm control panel or can be also from generator. It must also provide a 24 hours of power supply to control panel in case of power shortage.

How Fire Alarm System Works?

In an event of a fire emergency, the fire alarm system main role is to detect fire and to alert people at risk inside the building and emergency response team to control the situation as fast as possible. Fire alarm system key functions is to detect (by the use of smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, etc.) , alert (by the use alarm horn, speaker, and bell), and monitor (control panel).

Fire Alarm System Maintenance
A functioning and well-maintained fire alarm devices can help reduce injuries, save lives and properties. The fire safety systems inspection, routine maintenance, and testing will help one in keeping in compliance with the local/state fire inspectors and also their insurance carrier. To keep the best condition of the fire alarm devices, it is advisable to keep a scheduled maintenance and check the following:

1. Checking of physical appearance of the fire alarm devices

2. Smoke Detectors should be cleaned & tested for sensitivity levels (addressable type)

3. Fire alarm control panel should be tested for all alarm, trouble, supervisory, reset & silence function

4. Checking of the devices power supply

5. Checking/ replacement of batteries

6. Checking/ removal of any obstruction on the devices that may cause false alarm or malfunctioning

7. Checking if the alarm is audible

8. Devices must be replaced when exceeded 10 years from the manufactured date

Emergency system

ASENWARE Centralized Monitoring Emergency Luminaire System is designed for managing, monitoring and controlling emergency lights automatically.

Fire Suppression System

ASENWARE Fire Pump Series provide fire departments or private users with the ability to pump from any water source.

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Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel Common Fault And Solution

2022-07-12

When the conventional fire alarm control panel is in fault condition, it can be difficult to find the root cause of the problem. Trouble signals might occur due to earth faults, battery faults, zone faults, main supply faults or other faults within the system. Let's see how to solve these problems when the conventional fire alarm control system fails to work.

1.Battery Fault & Mains Supply Fault

When the conventional fire alarm control panel is in battery fault or main supply fault, you need to check it in two steps.

Step 1:
use the battery to turn on the panel instead of using the mains power. If the panel is on normally but still reports battery fault or main supply fault, turn it off and re-plug the gray cable.

If it still is in fault state, return it to the factory for repair.

Step 2:
if the panel isn’t on normally, check if the battery switch is on, if the fuse is blown, or if the mains power supply is normal.

2.Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel Earth Fault

When the conventional fire alarm control panel is in earth fault, there are normally three possible causes.

The first one is the external device touches the ground. When it happens, remove the device and use a multimeter to check it, then take out the faulty device.

The second one is the internal components touch the ground. When it happens, use a multimeter to exclude the circuit, it most likely is the internal components being faulty.

The third one is the earth wire is not connected. When it happens, connect the L, N and E wires externally.

3.Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel Zone Fault

When the conventional fire alarm control panel is in zone fault, there are usually three potential causes.

The first one is the external device fault. When it happens, return the panel to the factory for repair.

The second one is the panel fault. When it happens, return the panel to the factory for repair.

The third one is the wiring problem. When it happens, check if you connect the panel to 6.8K EOL, if you connect its positive and negative poles right, if there is a short circuit, or if it is using too many devices.