Aspirating Smoke Detection Systems for Cold Store

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Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm system plays an important part of the fire and life safety of building and its occupants. Fire alarm system main function is to detect a fire at a sufficiently early stage so that the people who are at risk can made safely either by escaping as fast as possible or extinguishing the fire that can also reduce or prevent the property damage. Therefore, a reliability and functionality of fire alarm system as a whole is very important.

The following are the different types of the Fire Alarm System:

1. Conventional fire alarm system
a. Conventional fire alarm system uses physical cabling to connect several detectors and call points. Conventional fire alarm system has no way to identify immediately the exact location of the fire, but can be arranged in “Zones” to easily identify the location of the cause of the alarm. Its devices are cheaper but will consume more cable wires compare to addressable, since each device will be connected to the control panel by its own cable wire. This system are mainly used specially in smaller property.

2. Addressable fire alarm system

a. Addressable fire alarm system has the same detection principle, except that each detector can be given a set address that can help to identify the exact location of the detector that initiated the alarm, that can be seen in the fire alarm control panel. Addressable fire alarm system saves a lot of wire compare to conventional system, since the devices can share one cable wires up to the last device. Both ends of the wire is loop connected to the fire alarm control panel. This system are very suitable for large and high buildings, since they are able to pinpoint exactly which devices are triggering the alarm.

3. Wireless fire alarm system

a. Wireless fire alarm system, is hassle-free to install compare to conventional and addressable since it does not use any conduit and cable wires. However, even though you saved a lot of money in material and labor cost, the hardware and programming are higher than the wired systems. The devices are battery powered and can be placed anywhere and can be easily relocate if needed.

Fire Alarm System Components
The main component of fire alarm system are the following:

1. Fire Alarm Control Panel

Fire Alarm Control Panel is the brain or central hub of a fire alarm system. It displays the location and status of the alarm devices, and it gives precise location of the device that cause the alarm.

2. Fire Alarm Initiating Devices

Fire Alarm Initiating Devices are the devices that detects signs of fire and triggers the alarm. They are connected to the fire alarm system control panel. Initiating devices includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, manual pull station and fire sprinkler water flow switch.

3. Fire Notification Devices
Fire Notification Devices are the audible and visual devices in fire alarm system, it includes fire alarm horn, speaker and bell. Its main function is to alert people at risk in the event of a fire, that is why it is considered as the most important components of fire alarm system.

4. Primary Power Supply
Primary power supply is typically supplied by the local utility, and also from generators that are located in remote areas wherein the electrical grid is not available.
5. Backup Power Supply
Backup power supply commonly supplied by batteries and stored internally or adjacent to main fire alarm control panel or can be also from generator. It must also provide a 24 hours of power supply to control panel in case of power shortage.

How Fire Alarm System Works?

In an event of a fire emergency, the fire alarm system main role is to detect fire and to alert people at risk inside the building and emergency response team to control the situation as fast as possible. Fire alarm system key functions is to detect (by the use of smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, etc.) , alert (by the use alarm horn, speaker, and bell), and monitor (control panel).

Fire Alarm System Maintenance
A functioning and well-maintained fire alarm devices can help reduce injuries, save lives and properties. The fire safety systems inspection, routine maintenance, and testing will help one in keeping in compliance with the local/state fire inspectors and also their insurance carrier. To keep the best condition of the fire alarm devices, it is advisable to keep a scheduled maintenance and check the following:

1. Checking of physical appearance of the fire alarm devices

2. Smoke Detectors should be cleaned & tested for sensitivity levels (addressable type)

3. Fire alarm control panel should be tested for all alarm, trouble, supervisory, reset & silence function

4. Checking of the devices power supply

5. Checking/ replacement of batteries

6. Checking/ removal of any obstruction on the devices that may cause false alarm or malfunctioning

7. Checking if the alarm is audible

8. Devices must be replaced when exceeded 10 years from the manufactured date

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Aspirating Smoke Detection Systems for Cold Store

2022-06-23

Difficulties of Applying Smoke Detection System in Cold Store.

A fire happening in a cold store sounds unbelievable. However, because the air in the cold storage areas is extremely dry, and the flammable materials like polyurethane, polystyrene foam insulation materials, wooden pallets, and plastic wrapping materials are everywhere in it, the possibility of catching fire in a cold store is increasing. Besides, the electrical failures of the conveying equipment or the lighting systems, or the heating generated by maintenance, can also increase the possibility of occurring a fire.

The cold store is usually at 8°C to -45°C, during which the conventional smoke detection systems can’t function effectively or at all, for their designs in electrical components and responses make it hard to give early smoke detection alarms under the extremely low temperature. Other than this, to utilize the room to the fullest, the cold store tends to use large shelves, which will affect the airflow and the detection and responses of the conventional smoke detection systems.

To prevent fire in cold storage facilities, installing an aspirating smoke detection (ASD) system is the best solution.

Advantages of Installing Aspirating Smoke Detection System in Cold Store.

The aspirating smoke detection system can continuously collect the air samples through the sample ports of the sample pipes (Diagram 1), and transmit them to the smoke detectors installed outside for precise analysis, checking if there is smoke. In this way, the aspirating smoke detection system can give early alarms under low temperatures. Even in an area that is hard to reach inside, the aspirating smoke detection system can still offer smoke detection through remote monitoring, as long as it is installed outside near to this area.

Diagram1: The aspirating smoke detection system continuously collect the air samples

The early detection of fire by the aspirating smoke detection system (Diagram 2) can minimize the danger of smog contamination of goods, damage to facilities, and sudden stop of distribution.

Diagram2: stages of fire

Performance of Aspirating Smoke Detection System.

When applying an aspirating smoke detection system in a cold store, the professionals should evaluate the fire hazard of the place, for example, the inside and outside environments, the movement of smoke and the heat transfer of the building, etc., to decide the most suitable aspirating smoke detection system.

The advanced detection technology of the aspirating smoke detection system can help improve the operation of the cold store, including its continuous refrigeration, humidity control, automatic processing and storage systems.

Besides, though the cold store has various areas including freezer area, cold storage area, infeed table area, workshop area, etc., the flexible design of the aspirating smoke detection system can ensure the entire place’s safety.

ASENWARE's aspirating smoke detection systems are immune to false alarms and have advanced AI technology, they can be applied in different types of cold stores.

Installation of Aspirating Smoke Detection System.

The cold store is usually built according to the structure of a warehouse. Industry standards require the aspirating smoke detection system to be installed on the ceiling and in the mezzanine above the ceiling of the cold store. (Diagram 3)

Diagram 3:Installation of Aspirating Smoke Detection System.

Installing the aspirating smoke detection system outside of the cold store can protect it from low-temperature harm, for the temperature in the cold store is below 0℃. The air samples are continuously collected from the detecting area, preheated to a minimum sampling temperature, and then sent to the detector installed outside for precise analysis.

And the sample pipes need to be installed in a humid place away from the cold store’s building structure, and they need to be installed at a certain oblique angle to prevent the water condensation from blocking the sample ports. Doing so can also allow the condensed water to flow to the dew collection device installed outside.

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